The double-edged effect of social mobility belief on socioeconomically disadvantaged adolescents' health: The mediating role of intentional self-regulation.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the double-edged effect of social mobility belief on socioeconomically disadvantaged adolescents' mental and physical health and further explore whether intentional self-regulation is the common psychological mechanism of social mobility belief affecting physical and mental health. METHOD: A total of 469 adolescents (Mage = 13.96 years, 49.3% boys) from two rural public schools in China were included in this study. Adolescents completed questionnaires measuring social mobility belief and mental health (life satisfaction, self-esteem, and depression). Physical health (allostatic load) was reflected by six indicators (resting diastolic and systolic blood pressure, body mass index, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol). RESULTS: Social mobility belief was positively correlated with adolescents' life satisfaction and self-esteem but negatively correlated with depression. Intentional self-regulation mediated the relationships between social mobility belief and mental health. In addition, the results showed that intentional self-regulation mediated the relationship between social mobility belief and adolescents' physical health. CONCLUSIONS: Social mobility belief may be a "skin-deep" resilience resource positively related to mental health but negatively correlated with physical health through intentional self-regulation among socioeconomically disadvantaged adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Perceived social support mitigates the associations among household chaos and health and well-being in rural early adolescents.

PURPOSE: Previous studies have demonstrated that early adolescents residing in chaotic households experience adverse health and well-being outcomes. However, the potential protective factors that mitigate the relationship between household chaos and early adolescents' health and well-being remain unknown. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate whether perceived social support moderates the link between household chaos and the health and well-being among Chinese rural early adolescents. METHODS: Physical health difficulties were assessed using two measures: general health and allostatic load (AL). Mental health difficulties were measured by depression. Well-being was reflected by life satisfaction. Specifically, this study included early adolescents (N = 337; Mage = 10.88 ± 1.36 years) from rural counties in China who reported their household chaos, perceived social support, general health, depression, and life satisfaction. AL scores were determined based on six physiological indices. RESULTS: Household chaos exhibited a negative relationship with the general health and life satisfaction while a positive correlation with depression. Moreover, perceived social support was found to moderate the association between household chaos and these health and well-being indicators of early adolescents. Specifically, early adolescents who reported higher levels of perceived social support exhibited weaker negative connections among household chaos and their general health, depression, and life satisfaction. Furthermore, no significant relationships were observed between the adolescents' AL and household chaos, perceived social support, or their interactions. CONCLUSIONS: Household chaos poses a significant risk to health and well-being. Furthermore, the findings indicate that perceived social support can mitigate these negative effects.

ECC-PolypDet: Enhanced CenterNet With Contrastive Learning for Automatic Polyp Detection.

Accurate polyp detection is critical for early colorectal cancer diagnosis. Although remarkable progress has been achieved in recent years, the complex colon environment and concealed polyps with unclear boundaries still pose severe challenges in this area. Existing methods either involve computationally expensive context aggregation or lack prior modeling of polyps, resulting in poor performance in challenging cases. In this paper, we propose the Enhanced CenterNet with Contrastive Learning (ECC-PolypDet), a two-stage training & end-to-end inference framework that leverages images and bounding box annotations to train a general model and fine-tune it based on the inference score to obtain a final robust model. Specifically, we conduct Box-assisted Contrastive Learning (BCL) during training to minimize the intra-class difference and maximize the inter-class difference between foreground polyps and backgrounds, enabling our model to capture concealed polyps. Moreover, to enhance the recognition of small polyps, we design the Semantic Flow-guided Feature Pyramid Network (SFFPN) to aggregate multi-scale features and the Heatmap Propagation (HP) module to boost the model's attention on polyp targets. In the fine-tuning stage, we introduce the IoU-guided Sample Re-weighting (ISR) mechanism to prioritize hard samples by adaptively adjusting the loss weight for each sample during fine-tuning. Extensive experiments on six large-scale colonoscopy datasets demonstrate the superiority of our model compared with previous state-of-the-art detectors.

Long-term Neighborhood Poverty Effects on Internalizing Symptoms in Adolescents: Mediated Through Allostatic Load and Pubertal Timing.

PURPOSE: The long-term effect of neighborhood poverty on internalizing symptoms in adolescents and the biological mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. We defined neighborhood poverty at the village level in two dimensions: intensity (i.e., poverty rate) and duration. This study investigated how the poverty rate and duration of exposure to neighborhood poverty interact to predict internalizing symptoms in adolescents through biological mechanisms (i.e., allostatic load and early pubertal timing). METHODS: A total of 418 adolescents (50.2% girls; 11-14 years old; mean age = 12.57 years) living in rural China participated in two waves of data collection. Path analysis was conducted to examine the mediating role of allostatic load and pubertal timing in the relationship between the duration of exposure to neighborhood poverty and internalizing symptoms. Moreover, the interactive effect between the poverty rate and duration of neighborhood poverty on the allostatic load was tested. RESULTS: The positive association between the duration of exposure to neighborhood poverty and internalizing symptoms of adolescents was explained by elevated allostatic load and early pubertal timing after adjusting for gender, age, prior family socioeconomic states and internalizing symptoms. The duration in neighborhood poverty was a stronger predictor of allostatic load for adolescents living in high poverty rate neighborhoods than for those living in low poverty rate neighborhoods. DISCUSSION: Neighborhood poverty gets "under the skin" through biological pathways and affects internalizing symptoms among adolescents. The findings highlight the importance of considering different dimensions of neighborhood poverty (e.g., intensity and duration) on adolescents' health.

Household Income and Early Adolescents' Executive Function: The Different Roles of Perceived Discrimination and Shift-and-Persist.

Household income predicts early adolescents' cognitive development. However, the mechanism underlying this association and protective factors are unclear. This study assessed one-year longitudinal data to examine whether perceived discrimination mediated the association between household income and executive function and the moderating role of shift-and-persist. 344 early adolescents in rural China were included in the study (mean = 10.88 years, SD = 1.32 years, girls: 51.74%). The latent variable model revealed that household income predicted early adolescents' cognitive flexibility and working memory in the subsequent year through perceived discrimination. Shift-and-persist moderated the negative effects of perceived discrimination on cognitive flexibility: perceived discrimination impeded cognitive flexibility only among early adolescents with low shift-and-persist. The findings highlight perceived discrimination in the relation between household income and early adolescents' executive function and underscore the protective role of shift-and-persist.

Integration of miRNA and mRNA analysis reveals the role of ribosome in to anti-artificial aging in sweetcorn.

Sweetcorn is a kind of maize with high sugar content and has poor seed aging tolerance, which seriously limits its production. However, few studies have explored the artificial aging (AA) tolerance by miRNA-mRNA integration analysis in sweetcorn. Here, we characterized the physiological, biochemical and transcriptomic changes of two contrasting lines K62 and K107 treated with AA during time series. Both the germination indexes and antioxidant enzymes showed significant difference between two lines. The MDA content of AA-tolerant genotype K62 was significantly lower than that of K107 on the fourth and sixth day. Subsequently, 157 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMIs) and 8878 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) were identified by RNA-seq analysis under aging stress. The "ribosome" and "peroxisome" pathways were enriched to respond to aging stress, genes for both large units and small ribosomal subunits were significantly upregulated expressed and higher translation efficiency might exist in K62. Thirteen pairs of miRNA-target genes were obtained, and 8 miRNA-mRNA pairs might involve in ribosome protein and translation process. Our results elucidate the mechanism of sweetcorn response to AA at miRNA-mRNA level, and provide a new insight into sweetcorn AA response to stress.

Intensive Systematic "Train-the-Trainer" Course as an Effective Strategy to Improve Detection of Early Gastric Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND: To improve the diagnosis of early gastric cancer (EGC), a train-the-trainer (TTT) course was developed. This trial aimed to investigate whether TTT courses from trained trainers could improve trainees' EGC detection. METHODS: In this multi-center, retrospective study, the training was carried out 8 times in one year. Clinical records one year before ("2016"), during ("2017"), and after ("2018") the course were collected. The primary endpoint was the improvement of EGC detection rate after TTT courses. RESULTS: Twenty-four trainees from 17 hospitals were included in this study. A total of 123,416 esophagogastroduodenoscopy and 65,570 colonoscopy procedures were analyzed. The early gastric cancer detection rate (EDR) was 0.101% in 2016, which significantly increased to 0.338% in 2018 (p = 0.015). The early gastric cancer ratio (ECR, ratio of newly detected EGCs to all newly detected gastric cancers) in 2016 was 8.440%, which consistently increased to 11.853% and 19.778% in 2017 and 2018 (p = 0.006), respectively. In contrast, the advanced gastric cancer detection rate (ADR) was similar before, during, or after the course (p = 0.987). The 3-year EDR, ECR, and ADR in esophageal and colorectal cancer were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: The systematic training course can improve EGC detection rate and may be an effective educational strategy to reduce gastrointestinal cancers mortality.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection training: evaluation of an ex vivo training model with continuous perfusion (ETM-CP) for hands-on teaching and training in China.

BACKGROUND: The existing ex vivo models of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) cannot simulate intraoperative hemorrhage well. We aimed to establish an ESD training method by applying an ex vivo training model with continuous perfusion (ETM-CP). METHODS: Four training sessions were conducted for 25 novices under the guidance of 2 experts. Eventually, 10 novices completed ESD operations on a total of 89 patients after the training. The resection effectiveness, resection speed, complication rate, and novice performance before and after the training were compared. The data regarding the effects of the training and the model were gathered through a questionnaire survey. RESULTS: In terms of the simulation effect of the model, ETM-CP was evaluated as similar to the live pig in all aspects (P > 0.05). The questionnaire analysis revealed that the ESD theoretical knowledge, skill operation, and self-confidence of novices were improved after the training (P < 0.05). The resection time per unit area had a correlation with the number of training periods (rs = - 0.232). For novice performance, the resection time per unit area was shortened (P < 0.05). There was no difference in patient performance between the novice group and the expert group after the training in terms of en bloc resection, R0 resection, complication rate, endoscopic resection bleeding (ERB) score, muscularis propria injury (MPI) score, and resection time per unit area (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The ETM-CP is effective for ESD training.

Construal level among poor children: Executive function implications.

Poverty impedes children's executive function (EF). Therefore, it is necessary to mitigate the negative effect of poverty by developing efficient interventions to improve poor children's cognitive function. In three studies, we examined whether high-level construals can improve EF among poor children in China. In Study 1, we observed a positive relationship between family socioeconomic status and children's EF, which was moderated by construal level (n = 206; Mage  = 9.71; 45.6% girls). In Study 2a, we experimentally induced high- versus low-level construals and found that poor children with high-level construals exhibited better EF than those with low-level construals (n = 65; Mage  = 11.32; 47.7% girls). However, the same intervention did not affect the performance of affluent children in Study 2b (n = 63; Mage  = 10.54; 54% girls). Moreover, we found that the interventional effects of high-level construals improved the ability of children living in poverty to make healthy decisions and delayed gratification in Study 3 (n = 74; Mage  = 11.10; 45.9% girls). These findings may have implications for using high-level construals as an effective intervention to improve poor children's EF and cognitive capacity.

Histopathological Features of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Gastric Mucosa.

Objective: To investigate the histopathological characteristics of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in the gastric mucosa in the process from occurrence to intraepithelial neoplasia. Methods: Specimens obtained from the endoscopic biopsy and endoscopic submucosal dissection of 2457 cases of gastric Hp infection were observed and assessed in detail using histology and immunohistochemistry techniques. The condition was divided according to the histopathological characteristics of gastric mucosal damage caused by Hp infection. The histopathological characteristics and immunophenotype of each stage were subsequently elucidated. Results: Helicobacter pylori is initially implanted in the mucus layer covered by the epithelium on the surface of the gastric mucosa. It then selectively adheres to the cytoplasm of the surface mucus cells, which makes the oval and spherical particles containing mucus that is wrapped by the bounded membrane in the cytoplasm on the nucleus of the surface mucus cells disappear, while the cytoplasm undergoes spiderweb-like vacuolar degeneration. This leads to the proliferation and transformation of the surface mucous cells before developing into intraepithelial neoplasia. In the process of histomorphology, mucosal ulcers, mucosal lymphoid tissue proliferation, gland atrophy, intestinal epithelial metaplasia, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and adenocarcinoma may occur. In this study, the condition was divided into five stages according to the histopathological characteristics of gastric mucosal damage caused by Hp infection, as well as the degree of gastric mucosal damage and involvement depth as follows: the mucus infection stage, the surface epithelial cell infection stage, the lamina propria lesion stage, the mucosal atrophy stage, and the intraepithelial neoplasia stage. Conclusion: Understanding the histopathological characteristics of gastric Hp infection in terms of its occurrence and development into intraepithelial neoplasia is conducive to the precise treatment and tracking of malignant cell transformation, and is of great significance in controlling the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.

FOXF2 Regulates PRUNE2 Transcription in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Forkhead box F2, a member of the Forkhead box transcription factor superfamily, plays an important role in several types of cancer. However, the mechanisms of Forkhead box F2 in the progression of colorectal cancer remain unclear. PRUNE2 is closely associated with prostate cancer, neuroblastoma, glioblastoma, and melanoma. The relationship between Forkhead box F2 and PRUNE2 in colorectal cancer remains unknown. Method: We investigated the effects of Forkhead box F2 upregulation on colorectal cancer cell behavior in vitro using Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, flow cytometry, Transwell, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. Nude mouse xenografts were established to investigate the effect of Forkhead box F2 upregulation on the growth of colorectal cancer cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to confirm the Forkhead box F2 regulation of PRUNE2 transcription. A series of in vitro assays was performed in cells with Forkhead box F2 upregulation and PRUNE2 knockdown to elucidate the function and regulatory effects of Forkhead box F2 on PRUNE2 transcription in colorectal cancer. Results: Forkhead box F2 was downregulated in colorectal cancer tissues compared with adjacent tissues. Forkhead box F2 overexpression significantly suppressed the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, Forkhead box F2 directly targeted PRUNE2 to promote its transcription in colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, PRUNE2 mediated the Forkhead box F2-regulated proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Additionally, we demonstrated a significant positive correlation between Forkhead box F2 and PRUNE2 mRNA levels in colorectal cancer tissues. Conclusion: These results indicated that Forkhead box F2 and PRUNE2 in combination may serve as a prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer and that Forkhead box F2 upregulation inhibits the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells by upregulating PRUNE2.

Positive affect decreases the negative association between social mobility belief and physical health among Chinese rural-to-urban migrant adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: The belief in upward social mobility promotes the mental health and social adaptation of disadvantaged adolescents. However, efforts for upward mobility may facilitate psychosocial adaptation while undermining physical health for minority youth from disadvantaged backgrounds. Therefore, we aimed to examine how social mobility belief is associated with mental and physical health among Chinese rural-to-urban migrant adolescents and explore whether positive affect acts as a protective factor moderating these relationships. METHOD: A total of 158 rural-to-urban migrant adolescents aged 10-14 completed a self-report questionnaire and underwent medical examination. RESULTS: Social mobility belief and positive affect were positively related to mental health (general self-efficacy). Positive affect interacted with social mobility belief in predicting physical health (self-rated health and allostatic load). For migrant adolescents with low levels of positive affect, strong belief in social mobility was associated with poor self-rated health and high allostatic load. For migrant adolescents with high levels of positive affect, their physical health was better and not associated with social mobility belief. CONCLUSIONS: Social mobility belief showed a double-edged sword effect; it was positively associated with mental adaptation while negatively associated with physical health among Chinese rural-to-urban migrant adolescents. Positive affect acted as a protective factor for decreasing the negative association between social mobility belief and physical health.

PRUNE2 inhibits progression of colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo.

Prune homolog 2 with BCH domain (PRUNE2) is associated with prostate cancer, neuroblastoma, glioblastoma and melanoma; however, the function of PRUNE2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of PRUNE2 on the development of CRC. The biological function of PRUNE2 in CRC cell lines was investigated by using Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, flow cytometry and Transwell assay. Additionally, a mouse model was established to investigate the effect of PRUNE2 on metastasis of CRC cells. The expression levels of PRUNE2 were lower in CRC compared with adjacent normal tissue and this expression pattern was associated with poor relapse-free survival probability. PRUNE2 overexpression significantly decreased cell proliferation and invasion, increased cell apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle. Consistently, it increased the protein expression levels of pro-apoptosis genes and decreased the expression of antiapoptotic proteins. PRUNE2 knockdown had the opposite effects. Furthermore, PRUNE2 overexpression decreased the tumorigenicity of CRC cells. In conclusion, PRUNE2 decreased cell survival, proliferation, invasion and tumorigenicity and promoted apoptosis, suggesting that PRUNE2 may function as a tumor-suppressive gene in CRC.

Follow-up analysis and histopathological study of gastric mucosa in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the histomorphological characteristics of the gastric mucosa and the prognosis in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. METHODS: Progressive damage to the gastric mucosa was examined by immunohistochemistry in 2294 patients with H. pylori infection and follow-up information was analyzed. RESULTS: H. pylori initially colonized the mucus layer covered by the gastric mucosa epithelium, then selectively adhered to and destroyed the surface mucus cells causing intra-gastric and extra-gastric lesions. Gastric mucosal damage induced by H. pylori was divided into five stages according to the depth of H. pylori invasion and degree of lesion deterioration: mucilaginous, surface mucocellular, lamina propria lesion, mucosal atrophy, and intraepithelial neoplasia stages. Morphological follow-up analysis revealed no significant difference in 6-month curative effects between stage I and stage II, but significant differences were found between stages II and III, stages III and IV, and between stages IV and stage V, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This novel staging strategy may be a valuable tool for diagnosing and predicting the results of gastric mucosal damage induced by H. pylori infection.